ROTORVANE consists of a cylindrical drum of a diameter of 200 cm (8"), 380 cm (15") or 460 cm (18"), depending on the capacity. Inside the circumference of the drum, the resistors are fitted at appropriate distances. The main shaft which rotates inside the drum, has vanes at equal intervals. There is a worm arrangement in the main shaft which facilitates forward motion of the leaves into the drum. The leaves are crushed in between the vanes and resistors and discharged through the diaphragm. The RPM of rotorvane ranges from 30 to 35.

CTC-ROLLERS consist of a main shaft on which the segments are fixed by heat treatment on a mandrel form. The diameter of the roller is generally 200 cm (8") and the latest senova rollers are of 330 cm (13") diameter. Depending on the capacity of the rollers, their length varies from 600 (24") to 910 cm (36"). Generally two rollers are fixed horizontally and parallel to each other and both rotate in opposite directions. The ratio of speed between the low speed and high speed rollers is 1:10 depending on the requirement of leaf or dust grade.

FLOOR FERMENTATION The rate of fermentation depends on the concentration of substrates in the leaf, availability of oxygen, activities of the enzymes and temperature Floor fermentation is practiced by spreading the rolled leaves on the floor to 5 - 8 cm (2-3") height depending on the weather condition.
Floor fermentation is better than drum fermentation as the former has better air contact with the leaves. Factories producing tea aimed at liquor quality can adopt drum fermentation followed by floor fermentation to achieve good liquor as well as better appearance and density.

DRUM FERMENTATION is mostly practiced in CTC tea manufacture in south India. When compared to floor fermentation, drum fermentation results in more density and better granulation which give better appearance. The fermenting drum is a simple cylindrical drum with conical feeding and discharge ends. The standard drum is 4.8 - 6.1 m (16-20 feet) long and has a diameter of 1.5 m (5 feet) at the cylindrical portion. The total length of the conical segment is four feet. The capacity of the drum will be 5.2 kg of rolled dhool for every square meter area of the drum.